CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK ASSESSMENT
Keywords:
Cardiovascular disease, risk assessment, biomarkers, genetic predisposition, predictive modeling, machine learning, personalized medicine, preventive strategies.Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be a leading cause of
morbidity and mortality worldwide. Given the complex interplay of genetic,
environmental, and lifestyle factors contributing to CVD, accurate risk assessment
is crucial for early intervention and preventive strategies. This scientific article
reviews the current methodologies employed in cardiovascular disease risk
assessment, discusses their strengths and limitations, and explores emerging trends
and future prospects in this critical field. Key topics include traditional risk factors,
novel biomarkers, genetic predisposition, and the role of advanced technologies in
refining risk prediction models
References
D'Agostino RB Sr, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, Wolf PA, Cobain M, Massaro JM,
Kannel WB. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the
Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2008;117(6):743-753.
Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Rifai N. C-reactive protein and other
markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N
Engl J Med. 2000;342(12):836-843.
Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, Di Angelantonio E, Gao P, Pennells L,
Kaptoge S, Caslake M, et al. Lipid-related markers and cardiovascular disease
prediction. JAMA. 2012;307(23):2499-2506.
Kathiresan S, Melander O, Anevski D, Guiducci C, Burtt NP, Roos C, et al.
Polymorphisms associated with cholesterol and risk of cardiovascular events. N
Engl J Med. 2008;358(12):1240-1249.
Krittanawong C, Zhang H, Wang Z, Aydar M, Kitai T. Artificial intelligence in
precision cardiovascular medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(21):2657-2664.
Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, et al. The diagnosis and management of
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association
for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):328-357.
Musso G, Gambino R, Cassader M, Pagano G. Meta-analysis: Natural history of
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive
tests for liver disease severity. Ann Med. 2011;43(8):617-649.
Shah SJ, Katz DH, Selvaraj S, Burke MA, Yancy CW, Gheorghiade M, et al.
Phenomapping for novel classification of heart failure with preserved ejection
fraction. Circulation. 2015;131(3):269-279




