FORM OF ADDRESS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK: POLITENESS AND CULTURE
Keywords:
forms of address, politeness, English, Uzbek, communication, pragmatics, honorificsAbstract
This article explores how forms of address function in English and Uzbek, focusing on their connection to politeness, cultural tradition, and social hierarchy. The comparison examines how each language uses pronouns, titles, honorifics, kinship terms, and context-based strategies to express respect or social distance. Findings show that English tends toward egalitarian norms with a single universal second-person pronoun, while Uzbek maintains a more hierarchical system that reflects age and status differences. The analysis relies on major theoretical frameworks, including Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory and ;cross-cultural pragmatics.
References
1. Braun, F. (1988). Terms of Address: Problems of Patterns and Usage in Various Languages and Cultures. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. (pp. 15–22, 49–57, 101–120).
2. Brown, P., & Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge University Press. (pp. 55–65, 129–150, 213–220).
3. Duranti, A. (1997). Linguistic Anthropology. Cambridge University Press. (pp. 63–72, 119–131).
4. Scollon, R., & Scollon, S. (1995). Intercultural Communication: A Discourse Approach. Oxford: Blackwell. (pp. 45–60, 98–112).
5. Wales, K. (2001). Personal Pronouns in Present-Day English. Cambridge University Press. (pp. 25–33, 70–84).
6. Wardhaugh, R. (2006). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell. (pp. 245–260, 281–290).
7. Fasold, R. (1990). Sociolinguistics of Society. Oxford: Blackwell. (pp. 112–128, 165–170).
8. Holmes, J. (2013). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Routledge. (pp. 156–172, 215–230).
9. Mirzaev, M. (2010). O‘zbek Tilida Murojaat Formasi. Tashkent: Fan. (pp. 33–45, 80–96).
10. Yusupova, D. (2014). “Cultural Values and Address Terms in Uzbek Speech.” Journal of Central Asian Linguistics, 2(1). (pp. 45–58).
