GYNECOLOGICAL SYNDROMES AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH: DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES TO MENSTRUAL DISORDERS, PELVIC PAIN, AND INFERTILITY
Keywords:
abnormal uterine bleeding; amenorrhea; dysmenorrhea; chronic pelvic pain; endometriosis;Abstract
Background. Menstrual disorders, pelvic pain, and infertility are among the most clinically important presentations encountered in gynecology and reproductive medicine. Although commonly approached as separate problems, they frequently coexist and may arise from shared structural, endocrine, inflammatory, or functional mechanisms. Endometriosis, adenomyosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), uterine structural disease, and disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis can produce overlapping combinations of abnormal bleeding, pain, ovulatory dysfunction, and impaired fertility.
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