ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS AS A CLINICAL AND OCCUPATIONAL PROBLEM DIAGNOSIS PATCH TESTING AND PREVENTION
Keywords:
allergic contact dermatitis; contact allergy; patch testing; haptens; occupational dermatitis;Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis is a common T-cell-mediated inflammatory skin disease caused by repeated exposure to contact allergens in sensitized individuals. Its clinical appearance often overlaps with irritant contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis,
fungal infection, and other eczematous disorders, which contributes to delayed recognition and persistent exposure. This review thesis summarizes current evidence on pathogenesis, clinical patterns, diagnostic patch testing, major allergens, treatment, and occupational prevention. Hapten penetration through an impaired epidermal barrier activates keratinocytes and innate immune pathways, followed by antigen presentation and allergen-specific T-cell sensitization.
Downloads
References
1. Uter W, Aerts O, Agner T, Brans R, et al. European Society of Contact Dermatitis Guideline for Diagnostic Patch Testing Recommendations on Best Practice Update 2026. Contact Dermatitis. 2026. doi:10.1111/cod.70195. a
2. Aristizabal-Torres MA, Bruce CJ, Caruso MA, Hall MR. Allergic contact dermatitis revisited: comprehensive doi:10.1016/j.jdrv.2025.03.011. review. JAAD Reviews. 2025;4:92-103.
3. Fonacier L, Uter W, Johansen JD. Recognizing and managing allergic contact dermatitis: focus on major allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2024;12(9):2227 2241. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2024.04.060.
4. Schütte MG, van der Molen HF, Hulshof CTJ, et al. Work-related and personal risk factors for occupational contact dermatitis: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Contact Dermatitis. 2023. doi:10.1111/cod.14253.
5. Dickel H. Management of contact dermatitis. Allergo J Int. 2023;32:57-76. doi:10.1007/s40629-023-00246-9.
