Modern concepts of myelitis etiopathogenesis and targeted therapeutic approaches

Abstract

Myelitis is an acute or subacute inflammatory-demyelinating  disorder of the spinal cord that frequently leads to long-term disability and severe  neurological deficits. Recent advances have demonstrated that many cases previously  classified as idiopathic are actually driven by specific autoimmune biomarkers (such  as anti-AQP4 and anti-MOG antibodies) and post-infectious neuroinflammatory  cascades. Unraveling the early pathogenetic mechanisms and implementing targeted  immunobiological therapies are crucial for optimizing clinical outcomes.