ENDOCRINE COMORBIDITIES AND CELLULAR IMMUNE ALTERATIONS IN GRANULOMA ANNULARE: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO PATIENT ASSESSMENT

Abstract

Granuloma annulare is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory skin  disorder characterized by annular papules and plaques with variable clinical  manifestations. Although the disease has been recognized for more than a century, its  exact pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Increasing attention has  recently been focused on the interaction between cellular immune responses and 
metabolic or endocrine abnormalities in the development and progression of  granuloma annulare.