THE EFFECT OF PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION ON THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN

Abstract

Protein–energy malnutrition is one of the major global health problems and affects millions of children, particularly in developing regions. Although its impact on physical growth has been widely studied, long-term nutrient deficiency also significantly influences brain development and mental health. Adequate nutrition during early childhood is essential for neuronal growth, synapse formation, and myelination processes. Long-term deficiencies of proteins, essential fatty acids, iron, and iodine may disrupt these processes and lead to structural and functional changes in the brain. This study analyzes the relationship between chronic nutritional deficiency and alterations in brain development as well as psychological outcomes in children