QUSHLARDA UCHRAYDIGAN PARAZITLAR VA ULARNING ZARARI
Keywords:
avian parasites, endoparasites, ectoparasites, zoonoses, epidemiology, pathology, diagnostics, control.Abstract
This chapter deeply analyzes the epidemiology, pathological effects, and control strategies of parasites in birds. Based on existing scientific literature, the prevalence, types, and impact on bird health of endoparasites (e.g., coccidia, nematodes, cestodes, haemosporidian protozoa) and ectoparasites (lice, mites) are examined. Studies indicate that parasitic infections significantly affect bird survival, reproductive success, and migratory behavior, potentially posing zoonotic risks. Diagnostic methods and control measures are discussed, emphasizing the influence of global changes on parasite-host interactions. This analysis is crucial for avian health protection and conservation programs.
Downloads
References
1. Atkinson, C. T., Thomas, N. J., & Hunter, D. B. Yovvoyi qushlarning parazitar kasalliklari. Ames: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008.
2. Georgi, J. R., & Georgi, M. E. Veterinarlar uchun parazitologiya. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders, 2009.
3. Klich, K., Czaplińska, A., Klich, M., & Pikuła, A. "Polshadagi turli yashash muhitlaridan yovvoyi qushlarda oshqozon-ichak parazitlarining tarqalishi." Veterinariya Parazitologiyasi, jild. 202, son. 3-4, 2014, bet. 272-278.
4. Møller, A. P., Erritzøe, J., & Nielsen, J. T. "Qushlarning ektoparazitlari: ularning mezbon salomatligi va fitnesiga ta'sirini ko'rib chiqish." Ekologiya, vol. 139, no. 1, 2004, pp. 1-10.
5. Marcogliese, D. J. "Qushlar parazitlari: ularning xilma-xilligi, ekologiyasi va qush mezbonlariga ta'siri sharhi." Xalqaro Parazitologiya Jurnali, jild. 34, son. 12, 2004, betlar 1361-1372.
4. Xaqberdiyeva Sh. T. (2025). Zamonaviy ilg'or xorijiy tajribalar asosida qon aylanish tizimi mavzusini o'qitishning innovatsion pedagogik texnologiyalarni qo'llash imkoniyatlari. «Maktabgacha Va Maktab Ta'limi» Jurnali, 3(12), 16–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17991257



















