Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of the Oropharyngeal Airway in Preadolescent Patients with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate: A Mini-Review

Abstract

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most common craniofacial anomalies and may cause significant alterations in airway morphology and function. The advent of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has provided a reliable, low-dose, three-dimensional tool to assess upper airway dimensions in growing patients. This mini-review summarizes current findings on oropharyngeal airway characteristics in preadolescent patients with nonsyndromic unilateral and bilateral CLP. CBCT-based studies generally demonstrate reduced oropharyngeal volumes and altered airway morphology compared with non-cleft controls. Bilateral cases often show greater constriction than unilateral ones, although methodological heterogeneity limits definitive conclusions. Standardized imaging protocols, artificial-intelligence segmentation, and integration with functional tests such as polysomnography are needed to improve understanding and clinical translation.