INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NATURAL AND SOCIAL-HUMANITARIAN SCIENCES
The International Conference of Natural and Social-Humanitarian Sciences in Belgium stands as a focal point for the convergence of scholars, researchers, and practitioners from diverse disciplines within the natural and social-humanitarian sciences. Hosted in Belgium, renowned for its rich academic tradition, this conference serves as a comprehensive platform for the exchange of knowledge and ideas across a spectrum of scientific domains. Encompassing both the natural and social-humanitarian sciences, the conference offers a dynamic forum for the presentation and discussion of cutting-edge research, innovative methodologies, and multidisciplinary approaches. Participants can anticipate engaging sessions on topics ranging from the latest advancements in natural sciences, including physics, chemistry, biology, and environmental studies, to explorations of critical issues in social sciences and humanitarian studies, such as sociology, psychology, anthropology, and cultural studies. The conference program features keynote lectures, interactive workshops, and panel discussions led by esteemed experts, providing attendees with valuable insights and fostering collaborative endeavors. By encouraging cross-disciplinary dialogue, the event aims to bridge gaps between traditionally segregated fields, promoting holistic approaches to understanding and addressing complex challenges in today's world. Belgium's historic and culturally rich backdrop adds a unique dimension to the conference, creating an environment conducive to networking, idea exchange, and international collaboration. Scholars and professionals attending the conference will have the opportunity to connect with peers, share research findings, and explore potential avenues for future collaborative projects. In summary, the International Conference of Natural and Social-Humanitarian Sciences in Belgium promises to be an intellectually stimulating and inclusive gathering, fostering a vibrant exchange of ideas that contributes to the advancement of knowledge across a broad spectrum of scientific disciplines. Participants can expect to gain new perspectives, establish valuable connections, and contribute to the ongoing global dialogue in natural and social-humanitarian sciences
БОШ МИЯ ТУҒРУҚ ТРАВМАСИДА НОБУД БЎЛГАН ЧАҚАЛОҚЛАР ЎРТА МИЯСИ ТАЛАМУСНИ ГИСТОКИМЁВИЙ ЎЗГАРИШЛАРИ
Бош мия туғуруқ травмаси туғилган ва обуд бўлган чақалоқлар ўрта мия таламусдаги гистокимёвий ўзгаришларда ШИФФ мусбат тузилмалар асосан нейрон толалри атрофида периваскуляр ва перицеллюляр сохада тўпланган суюқлик таркибида кўп миқдорда аниқланади. Бу бош мия туғруқ травмасида мияни эзилиши ва гемодинамик бузилишилар оқибатида ўрта мияда ривожланган гипоксия жараёни томирларда тўлақонлик ва метаболик моддаларни тўпланишига олиб келади. Натижада нейронлар, глиал хужайра-лар нордон мухитда индуцирланган апоптозга учраши стромани плазматик бўкиши оқибатида мухитни нордонлиги микроглиал ъужайраларда глиоз (пролиферацияси) ни кучайишига олиб келганлиги аниқланади. Тақасимон жойлаган базал ядро нейронларини тўлқинсомон траеторияда жойлашишиш аниқланади.
ўрта мия, таламус, морфология, бош мия туғуруқ травмаси, некроз, дистрофия.
ТУҒРУҚДАН КЕЙИНГИ ЎТКИР ҚОН КЕТИШЛАРНИ КЕЧГИ МУДДАТДА БИРИНЧИ СУТКАСИДА ГИПОТАЛАМУС ПАТОМОРФОЛОГИЯСИ
туғруқдан кейинги ўткир қон кетишларни кечги муддатда биринчи суткасида гипоталамус патоморфологиясида асосий ўзгаришларни аксарияти гипоталамусни барча соҳасидаги базофил ва ацидофил хужайралар, стромасида микроглиал хужайралар пролиферацияси, стромасда фибрилляр тузилмаларни кўпайиши билан давом этганлиги аниқланди. Бу ўзгаришларни асосий жихатлари, ўткир камқонлик барча секретор нейронларда юзага келган ишемик хужайра ичи ресрусларини тотал кўринишида йўқотилиши (Ниссл моддаси камайяди) натижасида гипофиз ва ундан пастки ўқда турувчи барча эндокрин тизимда гипофункционал холат юзага келиши, марказий тормозланиш билан намоён бўлиб, туғруқдан кейин коматоз холатни юзага келишини тасдиқлайди.
Гипоталамус, қон кетиш, туғруқ, хомиладорлик, некроз, нейрон, Ниссл моддаси.
БОШ МИЯ ТУҒРУҚ ТРАВМАСИДАН НОБУД БЎЛГАН ЧАҚАЛОҚЛАР КЕЧГИ ДАВРИ ГИПОТАЛАМУСНИ ПАТОМОРФОЛОГИЯСИ
Туғруқ травмасидан кейинги 7-14 сутка давомида чақалоқлар гипоталамусда қуйидаги патоморфологик ўзгаришлар юзага келади. Гипоталамусни олдинги ўрта ва орқа сохаларида супраоптик ва парвентрикуляр ядролари атрофида артерилалар ва капиллярларда юзага келган эритростаз, сладж феномени шу сохаларда веноз тўлақонлик ва гипоталмус стромасида плазмтик бўкишни давомли кечишига олиб келиши натижасида микроглиал хужайраларни ўчоқли мултифокусдаги пролифе-рацияси ривожланади. Бош мия травмасида қон томирларни рефлектор кенгайиши оқибатида юзага келган веноз тўлақонлик гипоталмусда метаболик бузлишиларга олиб келиши ва перицеллюляр шишиларни юзага келиши билан намоён бўлганлиги аниқланади.
гипоталамус, бош мия травмаси, чақалоқ, перинатал ўлим
TEXNOLOGIK TA’LIM YO‘NALISHI TALABALARIDA ZAMONAVIY TEXNOLOGIYALARDAN FOYDALANISH KO‘NIKMALARINING TARKIBIY TUZILMASI
Mazkur maqolada texnologik ta’lim yo‘nalishi talabalarda zamonaviy texnologiyalardan foydalanish ko‘nikmalarining tarkibiy tuzilmasi nazariy va amaliy jihatdan tahlil etilgan. Kompetensiyaviy yondashuv asosida ushbu ko‘nikmalar kognitiv, operatsion, motivatsion va refleksiv komponentlar kesimida yoritilgan. Shuningdek, zamonaviy texnologiyalardan foydalanish jarayonida talabalarning kasbiy kompetensiyalarini rivojlantirish mexanizmlari ochib berilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari texnologik ta’limda integrativ va tizimli yondashuvning ustuvorligini asoslaydi.
texnologik ta’lim, zamonaviy texnologiyalar, kompetensiya, ko‘nikma, tarkibiy tuzilma, raqamli kompetensiya.
ХОРАЗМ ВИЛОЯТИ МИСОЛИДА ОШҚОЗОННИНГ СУРУНКАЛИ ЯРАЛАРИДА ТУРЛИЧА ДАВО ТЕРАПИЯСИДАН КЕЙИНГИ ДАВРДА ЖИГАРДА ЮЗАГА КЕЛАДИГАН ПАТОМОРФОЛОГИК ЎЗГАРИШЛАР
Сурункали ошқозон яра касаллигида даволаш терапиясидан кейинги даврда жигарда хар хил патоморфологик ўзгаришлар аниқланади. Жумладан миллий клиник протоколда сурункали ошқозон яраларини даволашда қўлланиладиган дори препаратлари гурухида ностероид яллиғланишга қарши препаратларини қўлланилиши бевосита гепатотоксик таъсирида турлича ўзгаришлар билан намоён бўлади. Жумладан Раппопорт бўйича жигар бўлакчаларини турли сохаларида дистрофик ва некробиотик ўзгаришлардан ташқари жигар фибрози триадалар атрофи ва перилобуляр сохаларда ривожланиши жигар фаолиятини сурункали тарзда бузилиши важигар фибрози, жигар склерози, портал трактлар атрофида гипертензион ўзгаришларни юзага келиши билан намоён бўлади.
сурункали ошқозон яра касаллиги, гепатотоксик дистрофия, морфология, некроз.
ФАРҒОНА ВИЛОЯТИ МИСОЛИДА МУДДАТИДАН ОЛДИН ЎЛИК ТУҒИЛГАН ЧАҚАЛОҚЛАР ТИМУС ТЎҚИМАСИ ПАТОМОРФОЛОГИК ЎЗГАРИШЛАРИ
Фарғона вилояти мисолида муддатидан олдин ўлик туғилган чақалоқлар буйрак усти бези ва тимус дезинтеграциясининг патоморфологик асослари муддатдан олдин туғилган чақалоқларда буйрак усти бези ва тимусни тўлиқ шаклланмаслиги оқибатида етарли даражада адаптация гормонларини ишлаб чиқарилмаслиги ва унга боғлиқ тимусни хам ўз функционал жихатлари бўйича супрессорлик хусусиятини бўлмаслиги тимомегалия ва хомила ичи инфекциясига олиб келиши билан характерланади.
буйрак усти бези, тимус, иммунсупрессия, ўли туғилган чақалоқ, патоморфология.
BALIQ MAHSULOTLARI ISHLAB CHIQARISHNI KENGAYTIRISHDA KLASTER YONDASHUVINING IQTISODIY AHAMIYATI
Baliq mahsulotlari ishlab chiqarishni kengaytirishda klaster yondashuvi tarmoqning iqtisodiy samaradorligini oshirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega. Klaster tizimi ishlab chiqarish, qayta ishlash va sotish jarayonlarini yagona tizimga birlashtirib, xarajatlarni kamaytirish, mahsulot sifatini oshirish hamda raqobatbardoshlikni kuchaytirishga xizmat qiladi. Shu bilan birga, baliqchilik tarmog‘ining eksport salohiyatini oshirish, yangi ish o‘rinlari yaratish va oziq-ovqat xavfsizligini ta’minlashda muhim omil hisoblanadi.
Ekspertiza xulosasining isbotlash vositasi sifatidagi o‘rni va ahamiyati
This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the role and significance of expert opinion as a means of proof within the framework of criminal procedural legislation. It examines the legal nature of expert opinion, the procedure for its appointment and conduct, its place in the system of evidence, and its interrelation with other means of proof. Particular attention is given to the criteria for evaluating expert opinion, including reliability, objectivity, scientific validity, and compliance with procedural requirements. The thesis substantiates that expert opinion plays a decisive role in resolving criminal cases, especially in establishing circumstances that require specialized knowledge. Its features as both incriminating and exculpatory evidence, its role in shaping the internal conviction of the court, and its importance in ensuring fair judgments are highlighted. In addition, the study analyzes the development trends and current issues of the forensic examination institution based on existing criminal procedural legislation, judicial practice, and scholarly approaches. As a result, it is concluded that expert opinion is an essential means of proof in criminal proceedings, contributing to the establishment of truth, strengthening the evidentiary basis, and ensuring the legality and validity of judicial decisions.
expert opinion, means of proof, criminal procedure, criminal procedural law, system of evidence, expert, forensic examination, specialized knowledge, admissibility of evidence, reliability, objectivity, scientific validity, procedural procedure, appointment of expertise, additional expertise, repeated expertise, incriminating evidence, exculpatory evidence, internal conviction of the court, evaluation of evidence, judicial practice, investigation process, forensic medical examination, criminalistics, DNA analysis, forensic psychology, economic expertise, digital forensics, causal relationship, corpus delicti, sufficiency of evidence, validity of judicial decisions, powers of the expert, rights of participants in proceedings.
QISHLOQ XO‘JALIGIDA SUVDAN FOYDALANISH USULLARINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISHNING ILMIY-METODOLOGIK ASOSLARI
The article examines the issue of increasing the efficiency of water resource use in agricultural sectors based on a scientific and methodological approach. In the context of increasing water scarcity, a critical analysis of the current state of irrigation systems was carried out, and factors limiting the efficiency of water use were identified. Within the framework of the study, the economic, ecological, and technological advantages of water-saving irrigation technologies are substantiated. The author proposes priority scientific and practical directions aimed at improving water use in agriculture.
water resources, irrigation efficiency, water scarcity, drip irrigation, innovative technologies, melioration status.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY AND THEIR MITIGATION SOLUTIONS
This article analyzes the negative impact of the textile industry on the environment, including water and air pollution, soil degradation, and the problem of solid waste. It also presents proposals and solutions for establishing environmentally sustainable production.
PROFESSIONAL TA’LIM MUASSASALARIDA INGLIZ TILI DARSINI REJALASHTIRISH: MAQSAD–NATIJA–BAHOLASH ZANJIRI ASOSIDA
Professional ta’lim muassasalarida ingliz tili fanini o‘qitishning asosiy talabi – o‘quvchini real kasbiy vaziyatlarda ishlatiladigan til ko‘nikmalariga olib chiqishdir. Amaliyotda esa dars maqsadi umumiy ifodalanishi, kutiladigan natija aniq o‘lchanmasligi va baholash topshiriqlari dars faoliyatidan uzilib qolishi sababli o‘qitish samaradorligi pasayadi. Ushbu maqolada darsni rejalashtirishda “maqsad–natija–baholash” zanjiri bo‘yicha konstruktiv moslik (constructive alignment) tamoyili hamda “backward design” (orqadan loyihalash) yondashuvi asosida metodik model taklif etiladi. Metodologiya bo‘limida ehtiyoj tahlili, SMART maqsad qo‘yish, o‘quv natijalarini kompetensiya formatida (bilim, ko‘nikma, munosabat) yozish, baholash mezonlari va rubrikalar tuzish, formatif baholash vositalari (exit-ticket, chek-list, mini performance)ni rejalashtirish bosqichlari bayon qilinadi. Natijalar bo‘limida texnikum sharoitida 4 haftalik modul uchun namunaviy reja-jadval, topshiriqlar va rubrika namunasi keltirilib, zanjirli rejalashtirish darsning mantiqiyligi, talaba faolligi va baholashning shaffofligini oshirishi asoslanadi.
professional ta’lim, ingliz tili metodikasi, dars rejalashtirish, o‘quv natijalari, konstruktiv moslik, formatif baholash, rubrika.
ИСТОРИЯ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО ОСВОЕНИЯ КАСПИЙСКОЙ И СЕМИРЕЧЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТЕЙ И ЕГО ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ (КОНЕЦ XIX – НАЧАЛО XX ВВ.)
This thesis provides an extended analysis of economic development in the Caspian and the Seven River regions in the late XIX and nearly XX centuries and its environmental consequences. Particular attention is paid to administrative policies, economic expansion, and changes in resource use systems. The study shows that intensive exploitation of natural resources led to systemic environmental transformation and long-term ecological problems.
economic development, Caspian region, Seven River, environmental consequences, resource use.
A HYBRID NETWORK MODEL FOR SMART ENVIRONMENTS: SIMULATION AND ANALYTICAL EVALUATION
Smart Environments (SE) require efficient and scalable network architectures to handle the increasing number of interconnected devices. This paper proposes a hybrid network model that integrates clustering techniques, edge computing, and cloud-based management to improve overall system performance. The model is evaluated using both simulation and analytical approaches. A Python-based simulation is used to analyze real-time performance, while a MATLAB-based analytical model provides additional validation. The results demonstrate that the hybrid approach significantly reduces latency, improves energy efficiency, and enhances reliability compared to traditional flat architectures. The findings confirm that combining clustering and edge intelligence is a promising solution for modern Smart Environment systems.
Smart Environment, Hybrid Model, IoT, Edge Computing, Clustering, Simulation, Analytical Model
The promotion of oral health in adolescence is a key aspect of general health care. Pubertal girls, aged 13–17, undergo significant hormonal, psychological, and social changes that can influence their susceptibility to dental diseases. While treatment remains an essential component of dental care, the focus on primary prevention is increasingly recognized as a cost-effective and sustainable strategy. Primary prevention aims to reduce the incidence of disease before clinical symptoms appear, through health education, early intervention, and risk factor control. Despite widespread acknowledgment of the importance of dental prevention, there is limited research on how effectively healthcare professionals apply preventive strategies among adolescents, particularly pubertal girls. This study seeks to fill this gap by exploring both the prevalence of dental diseases in this group and the actual involvement of dental practitioners in preventive efforts.
O‘ZBEKISTONDA FAKTORING XIZMATLARI BOZORINI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING USTUVOR YO‘NALISHLARI
Mazkur tezisda zamonaviy iqtisodiyot sharoitida faktoring xizmatlarining ahamiyati, ularning korxonalar aylanma mablag‘larini boshqarishdagi o‘rni hamda O‘zbekistonda faktoring bozori rivojlanishining asosiy tendensiyalari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, so‘nggi yillarda qabul qilingan normativ-huquqiy hujjatlar, xususan, PF-109-son Farmon asosida yaratilgan imkoniyatlar, bozor hajmining o‘sish dinamikasi, ishtirokchilar tarkibi, banklar kesimidagi faoliyat natijalari hamda hududlar va mijozlar segmentlari bo‘yicha taqsimot ko‘rsatkichlari o‘rganilgan. Tadqiqot natijasida O‘zbekistonda faktoring xizmatlari bozori jadal rivojlanayotganligi, biroq ayrim hududlar va kichik biznes subyektlari ishtirokining yetarli darajada emasligi aniqlangan.
faktoring, debitorlik qarzlarini moliyalashtirish, elektron faktoring, xalqaro faktoring, moliyaviy xizmatlar, kichik va o‘rta biznes, raqamli platforma, moliyaviy inkluzivlik, eksportni qo‘llab-quvvatlash, O‘zbekiston.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ АЛЛЕРГИЧЕСКОЙ ЭНТЕРОПАТИИ У ДЕТЕЙ РАННЕГО ВОЗРАСТА
Аллергическая энтеропатия у детей раннего возраста представляет собой одну из актуальных проблем современной педиатрии и детской аллергологии. В последние годы отмечается рост частоты пищевой аллергии и связанных с ней гастроинтестинальных проявлений у детей первых лет жизни. Незрелость иммунной и пищеварительной систем в раннем возрасте способствует развитию аллергического воспаления слизистой оболочки кишечника, что приводит к нару шению процессов пищеварения и всасывания. Однако клинические проявления аллергической энтеропатии у детей раннего возраста нередко отличаются полиморфизмом и неспецифичностью, что затрудняет своевременную диагностику и требует дальнейшего изучения клинических особенностей данного состояния[1-3].
аллергическая энтеропатия, дети раннего возраста, пищевые аллергены, клинические проявления, иммунологические показатели, IgE, кишечная дисфункция.
TOG‘AYLI BALIQLARDA UCHRAYDIGAN PARAZITLAR VA ULARNING OLDINI OLISH
This chapter critically analyzes existing knowledge regarding parasites of cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes), examining their biological diversity, ecological dynamics, and pathological consequences. Significant knowledge gaps in this field are highlighted, particularly in biodiversity hotspots like South Africa. The study reviews key parasitic groups such as copepods, cestodes, and parasitic barnacles, discussing their impact on host fish. Furthermore, strategies for preventing and managing parasitic infections are proposed to maintain the health of cartilaginous fish populations. The aim is to stimulate research and define future directions in this crucial area of marine science.
Cartilaginous fishes, parasites, chondrichthyes, prevention, biodiversity, helminths, copepods.
DARS SIFATINI OSHIRISHDA ZAMONAVIY PEDAGOGIK TEXNALOGIYLARDAN FOYDALANISH.
This chapter comprehensively analyzes the theoretical foundations, practical significance, and effectiveness of utilizing modern pedagogical technologies to enhance lesson quality. The study examines technologies such as blended learning, flipped classroom, gamification, project-based learning, personalized, and adaptive education. It critically evaluates the impact of these technologies on student engagement, motivation, and achievement, as well as teacher competencies, implementation challenges, and ethical considerations. Recommendations for improving the educational process are provided, based on contemporary pedagogical approaches including constructivism and Shulman's Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) theory.
modern pedagogy, educational technologies, lesson quality, student motivation, teacher competence, digital divide, constructivism
НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ КРЕАТИВНЫХ КАЧЕСТВ У БУДУЩИХ ПЕДАГОГОВ-ХУДОЖНИКОВ
This article is devoted to revealing the aspects of developing creative qualities of future visual art teachers. From a scientific and pedagogical perspective, it examines how students in the field of Visual Arts and Engineering Graphics education can form creative skills in design, information, organizational–communicative, and experimental–research activities.
creativity, Visual art, Perception, Pedagogical ability, Functional activity, Personal activity, Scientific activity, Design skills, Information skills, Organizational–communicative skills, Experimental–research skills
РАЗВИТИЕ КРЕАТИВНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ СТУДЕНТОВ МЛАДШИХ КУРСОВ НА САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНЫХ ЗАНЯТИЯХ ПО ИЗОБРАЗИТЕЛЬНОМУ ИСКУССТВУ
В настоящее время особое значение приобретают проблемы эстетического воспитания и художественного образования подрастающего поколения. Особую актуальность эта проблема приобрела в годы независимости, что неоднократно подчёркивал Президент Республики Узбекистан Ш.М. Мирзияев[1] В достижении этой поистине государственной задачи большое место принадлежит изобразительному искусству. Изобразительное искусство способствует развитию многих сторон личности, обладает огромным эмоциональным воздействием. Выполнение этой задачи во многом зависит от качества подготовки высококвалифицированных кадров художников – педагогов. Таким образом, решение этой проблемы на сегодняшний день выступает на первый план. [1] Ш.М. Mирзияев Янги Узбекистон стратегияси 2022-2025
OILAVIY NIZOLARNI MEDIATSIYA ORQALI HAL ETISH
Oila – bu jamiyat va davlatning asosi. Oila – bu biz shakllanadigan muhit. Agarda, oila tinch va sog‘lom bo‘lsa, bizning dunyoqarashimiz ham jamiyatga bo‘lgan munosabatimiz ham sog‘lom va manfaatli bo‘ladi.
oilaviy nizolar, mediatsiya, mediator, maxfiylik, nizolarni muqobil hal etish, mediativ kelishuv.
HANAFIY MAZHABIGA DOIR MASALALARINING KLASSIFIKATSIYASI VA ULARNING FATVO BERISH TIZIMIDAGI AHAMIYATI
Hanafiy fiqhiga doir asarlar matnlar, sharhlar, fatvolar va boshqa shu kabi ko’rinishdagi andoza va uslublarda yozilgan. Ularning ichida mazhab imomlarining mutaqaddimlari bo’lgan Abu Hanifa va mujtahidlik maqomiga erishgan shogirdlaridan rivoyat qilingan asarlar, ulardan keying davrda yashab ijod qilgan faqihlar istinbot qilgan asarlar, mazhab ichida amal qilinadigan va dalili va manbasi quvvatli bo’lganligi hamda aytuvchi va rivoyat qiluvchisining martabasi yuqori bo’lganligi sababli boshqalaridan ustun qo’yiladigan asarlar va shuningdek nodir, zaif va mardud bo’lgan masalalarni o’zida jamlagan asarlar ham mavjud. Bayon qilinayotgan masalalar o’rtasidagi turli xillik va tavofut mavjud bo’lganligining natijasi o’laroq bir masala borasida asarlarda turli xil gaplar keltirilgan bo’lsa, ularning ichida kuchli bo’lganini zaifidan ajratib olish imkoni mavjud bo’lishi uchun hanafiy mazhabining mutaaxxir olimlari asarlarni darajalarga ajratishgan va ushbu darajalarni “tabaqa” deb nomlashgan[1]. [1] Ahmad Muhammad Nasiriddin Najib. Al-madxal al-hanafiy. – Riyoz: Maktabat ar-rushd, – B.201.
O‘QUVCHILARDA GENETIKA BO‘YICHA BILIMLARNI KUZATISHNING PEDAGOGIK ASOSLARI.
This chapter deeply analyzes the pedagogical foundations for effectively monitoring students' knowledge in genetics, set against the complexity and societal importance of genetic education. It addresses global issues associated with low genetic literacy rates, exploring innovative pedagogical approaches and assessment tools aimed at identifying and resolving misconceptions. The chapter discusses theoretical frameworks of genetic education, diagnostic assessment methods, common misconceptions, and strategies for overcoming them, based on a scientific literature review. Finally, recommendations for Uzbekistan's education system are provided, alongside future research directions.
Genetics education, Pedagogical foundations, Knowledge monitoring, Diagnostic assessment, Misconceptions, Genetic literacy
O'QUVCHILARDA GENETIKA BO'YICHA BILIMLARNI KUZATISHNING PEDAGOGIK ASOSLARI.
QUSHLAR MAVZUSINI OQITISHDA LOYIHA ASOSIDA TALIM VA TADQIQOT FAOLIYATINI TASHKIL ETISH
This chapter presents a scientific-methodological approach to integrating Project-Based Learning (PBL) and research activities in biology education, specifically for teaching the topic of birds, aiming to overcome the limitations of traditional methods. It analyzes the theoretical foundations of PBL and its advantages in fostering deep understanding, critical thinking, and 21st-century skills. The chapter also discusses applying an organism-centered approach to bird studies, curriculum development, assessment mechanisms, and challenges with solutions in PBL implementation. The proposed model aims to enhance students' scientific literacy and research skills by engaging them in solving real-world problems.
Project-Based Learning, Birds topic, Research activity, Biology education, 21st-century skills, Curriculum, Assessment
ОШҚОЗОН ОСТИ БЕЗИ КАСАЛЛИКЛАРИДА УЛЬТРОТОВУШ ТЕКШИРУВИНИНГ АХАМИЯТИ.
Тиббиёт сохасида гатроэентералогия амалиётида ошқозон ости бези касалликлари кенга тарқалган бўлиб, ушбу касалликни эрта аниқлаш ва бошқа касалликлар билан дифференциал ташхислаш замонавий инструментал текширув усуллари мухим ахамият касб этади. Шунингдек, бугунги кунда ультротовуш текшируви (УТТ) инвазив бўлмаган, хавфсиз ва кенг кўлланиладиган ташхис усули хисобланади. Шу сабабли олиб бориладиган илмий иш тадқиқотларида ошқозон ости бези касалликларани эрта аниқлашда УТТ диагностик ахамияти тахлил қилинади.
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МЕТОДОЛОГИИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ МОРАЛЬНЫХ И НОРАЛЬНЫХ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ У УЧАЩИХСЯ НАЧАЛЬНОЙ ШКОЛЫ
В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы развития духовно-нравственного воспитания учащихся начальных классов в процессе обучения. Особое внимание уделяется анализу современных методических подходов, направленных на формирование у младших школьников нравственных ценностей, гражданской позиции и социально значимых качеств личности. В работе обоснована необходимость использования интерактивных и инновационных методов обучения, обеспечивающих повышение эффективности воспитательного процесса. Результаты исследования показывают, что системное внедрение современных педагогических технологий способствует формированию устойчивых духовно-нравственных ориентиров у учащихся.
духовно-нравственное воспитание, начальная школа, методические подходы, педагогические технологии, интерактивные методы, ценностные ориентации, личностное развитие, образовательный процесс
DETERMINING SPECIES OF BLOOD USING THE RADIAL IMMUNODIFFUSION METHOD IN AN ANTIBODY-GEL MATRIX
In forensic practice, the identification of biological evidence, particularly blood traces, and the determination of their species affiliation is of significant diagnostic importance. Experience shows that identifying small, faint, long-stored, or altered blood traces resulting from external factors (washing, chemical exposure, contamination) often presents challenges when using traditional serological methods. Despite the widespread use of the precipitation reaction in a liquid medium, the Ouchterlony method, and immunoelectrophoresis, their sensitivity is not always sufficient. Therefore, there is a growing need for highly sensitive, specific, and simple-to-perform methods.
XORAZMNİNG IX-XV ASRLAR SHAHARLARİ MANBASHUNOSLİGİ VA TARİXSHUNOSLİGİ.
Mazkur mavzu Xorazmning IX–XV asrlardagi shaharlari tarixini manbashunoslik va tarixshunoslik nuqtai nazaridan o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Unda o‘rta asr yozma manbalari, jumladan, arab, fors va turkiy tillarda yaratilgan asarlar asosida Xorazm shaharlarining siyosiy, iqtisodiy va madaniy hayoti yoritiladi. Shuningdek, arxeologik ma’lumotlar hamda zamonaviy tadqiqotchilar tomonidan olib borilgan ilmiy izlanishlar tahlil qilinadi. Ishda Xorazm hududidagi muhim shaharlarning shakllanishi, rivojlanish bosqichlari va ularning Markaziy Osiyo tarixidagi o‘rni ochib beriladi. Tarixshunoslik jihatidan esa mazkur masalaning turli davrlarda qanday o‘rganilgani, ilmiy yondashuvlar evolyutsiyasi va mavjud qarashlar solishtirilib tahlil etiladi. Natijada, Xorazm shaharlari tarixini yoritishda manbalar ahamiyati va ularni ilmiy o‘rganishning dolzarbligi asoslab beriladi.
Xorazm, IX–XV asrlar, o‘rta asr shaharlari, manbashunoslik, tarixshunoslik, yozma manbalar, arab manbalari, fors manbalari, arxeologik tadqiqotlar, shahar madaniyati, iqtisodiy hayot, savdo yo‘llari, siyosiy tarix, ilmiy meros, tadqiqot usullari
SHAXS MA’NAVIYATINING SHAKLLANISHIDA DINIY QADRIYATLARNING O‘RNI
Ushbu maqolada shaxs ma’naviyatining shakllanishida diniy qadriyatlarning tutgan o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Unda diniy qadriyatlarning inson ongiga, axloqiy qarashlariga hamda ijtimoiy xulq-atvoriga ko‘rsatadigan ta’siri ilmiy-nazariy jihatdan yoritib berilgan. Shuningdek, diniy ta’limotlar orqali shakllanadigan halollik, adolat, mehr-oqibat, sabr-toqat kabi fazilatlarning jamiyat taraqqiyotidagi o‘rni asoslab beriladi. Maqolada milliy va umuminsoniy qadriyatlar uyg‘unligi, globallashuv sharoitida ma’naviy tarbiyaning dolzarb masalalari ham ko‘rib chiqiladi.
ma’naviy-axloqiy qadriyatlar, axloq normalari, shaxs barkamolligi, axloqiy me’yorlar, axloqiy ong, milliy qadriyat.